The IBM Center for Public Administration Research has urged states to develop quantum technologies in a comprehensive way: communications, sensors, post-quantum cryptography, human resources, and supply chains, rather than limiting them to computation. The report’s authors warn about the risk of "tunneling vision": countries focused solely on quantum computers may be left behind in secure communication, high-precision measurements, and data protection from future cryptotates.

Global investments in quantum technologies exceeded $40 billion in 2024. The key threat is a "collect now, decode later" scenario in which intruders intercept encrypted data today for future decoding. IBM recommends that countries begin post-quantum cryptography migration now: system inventory, algorithm updates, and vendor verification.

The report compares the strategies of the US (strong research base, $1.5 billion in venture financing for startups in 2024), China (~$15.3 billion in public investment, focus on communications), the EU (~$10 billion in public funding, but difficulties of commercialization), India and Australia.