China and Sweden have unveiled new quantum technology development plans, treating the field not only as a research area but also as an industrial and national security priority.
China has incorporated quantum technologies into its 2026–2030 development plan for digital and cyber sector companies. The document covers 7 areas and 21 measures, calling on companies to strengthen fundamental research and advance work on high-performance chips, basic software, and cybersecurity. Authorities identified a number of promising areas for technological breakthroughs, including quantum technologies, blockchain, brain-computer interfaces, digital twins, and next-generation displays. The document does not distinguish between quantum computing, communications, or sensors, and sets no separate budget or commercialization timelines. The primary focus is on translating developments into commercial products and supporting companies capable of building technology ecosystems. By 2030, authorities expect to significantly enhance the international competitiveness of China's digital sector.
Sweden has adopted its first national strategy dedicated specifically to quantum technologies, with goals extending to 2036. The document covers quantum computing, simulation, communications, and sensors, and is intended to unite existing research programs and businesses into a single ecosystem. The strategy comprises 5 core areas: research and industrial leadership, talent development, coordination between government and business, scientific and cybersecurity, and international cooperation. No separate new budget has been allocated for the strategy; funding will draw on existing programs. The government considers one of the main challenges to be the gap between university research, industry, and investors, which complicates capital raising for the transition from laboratory development to production.
Cybersecurity occupies a special place in the Swedish strategy. The government has warned that sufficiently powerful quantum computers could in the future threaten the cryptographic algorithms in use today. Although no such systems yet exist, transitioning to quantum-resistant methods takes time, and authorities therefore consider it necessary to prepare infrastructure in advance. The strategy provides for developing competencies in both classical and post-quantum cryptography.
As additional context, it is worth noting that in August China established a national committee for quantum information standardization, which will develop rules for foundational technologies and computing. Previously, the authors of an IBM report urged governments not to limit quantum strategies to computing alone, but to simultaneously advance communications, sensors, post-quantum cryptography, and supply chains.